Give Choice a Chance!
Recently added to our lending library is The Death and Life of the Great American School System: How testing and choice are undermining education, by Diane Ravitch. This book is interesting because the author is a prominent education reformer who is repudiating policies which she once supported - in particular accountability measures and school choice. The vast majority of the book is devoted to the problems with the way accountability measures have played out in the United States, and it would be very hard to argue with her conclusion that they are not working well and may even be harmful. Point to Ravitch.
We'll give another point to Ravitch for her proposal to improve schools by means of a national curriculum. This section seems like kind of of an afterthought: it's a bit sketchy and poorly-argued, but we'll concede that a national curriculum, if well done, would probably increase student learning.
However, the chapter in which Ravitch nixes school choice is not very convincing at all. Evaluating the results of existing school choice programs is very tricky, because there are so many different combinations and permutations and because it's hard to get a handle on student progress in the first place. The fact that there has not yet been the spectacular improvement anticipated by school choice proponents does not mean that the time has come to write off the potential of school choice. As a result of the opposition of the powerful education lobbies, to date only very limited school choice programs have been tried. In every case, market forces are significantly inhibited in some way. For example, in Cleveland, Florida, DC, and Milwaukee, the school vouchers are limited to a few low-income families. There are still a lot of strings on charter schools, and most receive less money than competing conventional public schools. In Chile and New Zealand, the government micro-manages the participating schools and severely restricts the eligibility of schools to participate.
It would be premature to write off the potential of school choice to improve academic achievement since none of the current implementations has given it a fair chance. When true school choice was tried in the past, for example in classical Greece and the medieval Islamic empire, it got consistently excellent results. In fact, competitive educational markets have always done a better job of serving the public than state-run educational systems. The crippled school choice systems currently in effect are that way because they were the best education reformers dared to hope for in the face of fierce opposition from status-quo educators. Their thinking was that once a limited school choice program had been established, it would be possible to gradually broaden its scope. But this is not happening in most cases, and in some jurisdictions the movement is towards more limitations on school choice.
Half measures will not do. Since the educational establishment will fight as hard against a modest school choice program as they will against a full-blown school choice program, education reformers must hold out for a real experiment in market-driven schooling. The basic principle is that the reform is inadequate, perhaps even counter-productive, if it leaves the educational establishment in positions of power from which they can stifle competition and use regulatory micro-management to extend government control to private schools.


Malkin, the tide will soon start going out on school reform and educators will realize that they have to fix public schools. As Darling-Hammond tells American audiences about “reform” meaning choice and testing, “that is just not the way that educationally successful countries do it.“
Ancient Greece? Ancient Greecce was a slave owning society. Where did the slaves go to school?